Long Term Side Effects of Shaken Baby Syndrome

Shaken babe syndrome is a astringent class of child abuse caused by violently shaking an infant or child.

Shaken baby syndrome can occur from as trivial as 5 seconds of shaking.

Shaken infant injuries nearly often occur in children younger than 2 years old, only may be seen in children up to 5 years old.

When an baby or toddler is shaken, the brain bounces back and forth confronting the skull. This can crusade bruising of the brain (cerebral contusion), swelling, pressure, and bleeding in the brain. The large veins forth the outside of the brain may tear, leading to farther haemorrhage, swelling, and increased pressure level. This can easily cause permanent brain harm or decease.

Shaking an infant or small child may cause other injuries, such equally damage to the neck, spine, and eyes.

In most cases, an angry parent or caregiver shakes the infant to punish or quiet the child. Such shaking most often takes place when the infant is crying inconsolably and the frustrated caregiver loses control. Many times the caregiver did not intend to harm the infant. Nonetheless, information technology is a form of kid abuse.

Injuries are near probable to happen when the baby is shaken and so the infant'due south head hits something. Even hitting a soft object, such equally a mattress or pillow, may be enough to injure newborns and small infants. Children'south brains are softer, their neck muscles and ligaments are weak, and their heads are large and heavy in proportion to their bodies. The result is a type of whiplash, similar to what occurs in some auto accidents.

Shaken infant syndrome does non result from gentle bouncing, playful swinging or tossing the child in the air, or jogging with the child. It also is very unlikely to occur from accidents such as falling off chairs or down stairs, or accidentally being dropped from a caregiver's artillery. Short falls may cause other types of head injuries, although these are often minor.

The symptoms can vary, ranging from mild to severe. They may include:

• Convulsions (seizures)
• Decreased alertness
• Extreme irritability or other changes in behavior
• Lethargy, sleepiness, non grinning
• Loss of consciousness
• Loss of vision
• No breathing
• Pale or bluish pare
• Poor feeding, lack of appetite
• Airsickness

There may not be any physical signs of injury, such as bruising, bleeding, or swelling. In some cases, the condition tin exist difficult to diagnose and may non be found during an office visit. However, rib fractures are common and tin can be seen on x-rays.

An eye dr. may find bleeding behind the baby'southward eye or retinal detachment. There are, however, other causes of bleeding backside the eye and they should exist ruled out before diagnosing shaken baby syndrome. Other factors must exist considered.

Telephone call 911 or your local emergency number. Immediate emergency treatment is necessary.

If the kid stops breathing before emergency help arrives, begin CPR.

If the kid is vomiting:

• And yous do not recall there is a spinal injury, turn the child's head to 1 side to prevent the baby from choking and breathing in vomit to the lungs (aspiration).
• And you do retrieve at that place is a spinal injury, carefully roll the child's whole body to i side at the same time (as if rolling a log) while protecting the neck to prevent choking and aspiration.

• Do non pick upwardly or milkshake the child to wake him or her upwards.
• Practice not attempt to give the child anything past mouth.

Phone call your wellness care provider if a child has whatever of the in a higher place signs or symptoms, regardless of how mild or severe they are. Also call if you think a child has shaken baby syndrome.

If you think a child is in immediate danger because of fail, you should call 911 or the local emergency number. If you suspect that a child is being abused, report information technology right away. Most states have a child abuse hotline. You may also use the Childhelp National Kid Abuse Hotline at 1-800-iv-A-Child (one-800-422-4453).

These steps can help subtract the risk for shaken baby syndrome:

• Never milkshake a baby or child in play or in anger. Even gentle shaking tin can become fierce shaking when you are angry.
• Do not concur your baby during an statement.
• If yous find yourself becoming bellyaching or aroused with your baby, put the baby in their crib and leave the room. Try to calm down. Call someone for back up.
• Call a friend or relative to come and stay with the child if you lot feel out of control.
• Contact a local crisis hotline or kid abuse hotline for help and guidance.
• Seek the help of a counselor and attend parenting classes.
• Do not ignore the signs if y'all suspect child corruption in your abode or in the home of someone you know.

Shaken impact syndrome; Whiplash - shaken infant; Kid abuse - shaken baby

Carrasco MM, Wolford JE. Child abuse and neglect. In: Zitelli, BJ, McIntire SC, Nowalk AJ, eds. Zitelli and Davis' Atlas of Pediatric Diagnosis. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018:chap 6.

Dubowitz H, Lane WG. Abused and neglected children. In: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 21st ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap xvi.

Duhaime A-C, Christian CW. Inflicted trauma (kid abuse). In: Winn 60 minutes, ed. Youmans and Winn Neurological Surgery. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017:chap 225.

Updated by: Neil 1000. Kaneshiro, MD, MHA, Clinical Professor of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA. Too reviewed by David Zieve, Md, MHA, Medical Manager, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.

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Source: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007578.htm

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